Publications

Journal and Magazine Publications

24. M. Yazgan, H. Arslan and S. Vakalis, "Non-Cooperative Multi-User Range and Doppler Sensing Using OFDM Signals ", in IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 2025.

23. T. Nusrat and S. Vakalis, "Addressing Specularity: Millimeter-Wave Radar with Distributed Repeater Apertures ", in IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2024 (accepted).

22. M. Yazgan, H. Arslan and S. Vakalis, "High-Accuracy Indoor Ranging Using Microwave OFDM Signals ", in IEEE Microwave and Wireless Technology Letters, 2024.

21. J. R. Colon-Berrios, D. Chen, S. Vakalis and J. A. Nanzer, "Multiplicative Frequency Diverse Active Incoherent Millimeter-Wave Imaging," in IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2023 .

20. Stavros Vakalis, Jorge R. Colon-Berrios, Daniel Chen and Jeffrey A. Nanzer, "Non-Destructive Imaging of Cracks Using Non-Cooperative 5G Millimeter-Wave Signals ", Sensors 2023, 23, 6421.

19. S. Vakalis, J. R. Colon-Berrios, D. Chen and J. A. Nanzer, “Three-Dimensional Active Incoherent Millimeter-Wave Imaging,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 71, no. 5, pp. 2237-2244, May 2023.

18. S. Vakalis, S. Mghabghab and J. A. Nanzer, “Fourier Domain Millimeter-Wave Imaging Using Non-Cooperative 5G Communications Signals,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 70, no. 11, pp. 10965-10973, Nov. 2022.

17. D. Chen, S. Vakalis and J. A. Nanzer, ”Millimeter-Wave Imaging Using a Rotating Dynamic Antenna Array and Noise Illumination,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 70, no. 10, pp. 8872-8882, Oct. 2022.

16. J. R. Colon-Berrios, S. Vakalis, D. Chen and J. A. Nanzer, “Incoherent Point Spread Function Estimation and Multipoint Deconvolution for Active Incoherent Millimeter-Wave Imaging,” IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 800-803, June 2022.

15. D. Chen, S. Vakalis and J. Nanzer, “Imageless Shape Detection Using a Millimeter-Wave Dynamic Antenna Array and Noise Illumination”, IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 758-765, Jan. 2022.

14. S. Vakalis and J. Nanzer, “Millimeter-Wave Angle Estimation of Multiple Targets Using Space-Time Modulation and Interferometric Antenna Arrays”, IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 69, no. 11, pp. 5126-5134, Nov. 2021.

13. D. Chen, S. Vakalis and J. Nanzer, “Dynamic Antenna Array Design for Scene Classification Through Fourier-Domain Filtering”, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 69, no. 9, pp. 5953-5962, Sept. 2021.

12. J. Merlo, E. Klinefelter, S. Vakalis and J. Nanzer, “A Multiple Baseline Interferometric Radar for Multiple Target Angular Velocity Measurement,” IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 937-940, Aug. 2021.

11. S. Vakalis, D. Chen, and J. Nanzer, “Millimeter-Wave Imaging at 652 Frames Per Second”, IEEE Journal of Microwaves, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 738-746, Summer 2021.

10. N. Nourshamsi, C.Hilton, S. Vakalis and J. Nanzer, “Pulsed Harmonic Doppler Radar and Passive RF Tags for Tracking the Dynamic Motion of Held Objects”, IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 768-772, May 2021.

9. J. A. Nanzer, S. Vakalis, L. Gong, Y. He and J. Papapolymerou , “Incoherent Imaging at Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Frequencies Using Noise Transmitters,” IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag., vol. 35, no. 10, pp. 42-51, 1 Oct. 2020.

8. S. Vakalis, D. Chen and J. Nanzer, “Towards Space-Time Incoherent Transmitter Design for Millimeter-Wave Imaging,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 19, no. 9, pp. 1471-1475, Sept. 2020.

7. S. Vakalis, L. Gong, Y. He, J. Papapolymerou and J. A. Nanzer, “Experimental Demonstration and Calibration of a 16-Element Active Incoherent Millimeter-Wave Imaging Array,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 2020.

6. N. Nourshamsi, S. Vakalis and J. A. Nanzer, “Joint Detection of Human and Object Motion Using Harmonic Micro-Doppler Radar and Harmonic Tags,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 930-934, June 2020.

5. S. Vakalis and J. A. Nanzer, “Analysis of Array Sparsity in Active Incoherent Microwave Imaging,”IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 57-61, Jan. 2020.

4. S. Vakalis, L. Gong and J. A. Nanzer, “Imaging With WiFi,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 28616-28624, 2019.

3. S. Vakalis and J. A. Nanzer, “Analysis of Element Failures in Active Incoherent Microwave Imaging Arrays Using Noise Signals,” IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 161-163, Feb.2019.

2. S. Vakalis and J. A. Nanzer, “Microwave Imaging Using Noise Signals,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 66, no. 12, pp. 5842-5851, Dec. 2018.

1. S. Vakalis, E. Klinefelter and J. A. Nanzer, “Angle Estimation Using Wideband Frequency Modulation and an Active Distributed Array,” IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 28, no. 11, pp. 1059-1061, Nov. 2018.

Conference Publications

30.S. Vakalis and A. Alsnayyan, "Near-Field Synthetic Aperture Radar Utilizing a Commercial V-Band MIMO Radar Sensor," 2023 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (USNC-URSI), Portland, OR, USA, 2023.

29. S. Vakalis, J. R. Colon-Berrios, D. Chen, and J. A. Nanzer, “Short-Range Measurements of Dielectric and Conductive Targets Using a 38-GHz Active Incoherent Millimeter-Wave Imaging Array,” SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing, 2023 (Early Career Award 3rd Place Winner)

28. J. R. Colon-Berrios, D. Chen, S. Vakalis, and J. A. Nanzer, “Incoherent millimeter-wave imaging using 5G communications signals of opportunity for detection of cracks in building materials,” SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing, 2023.

27. Jorge R Colon-Berrios, Daniel Chen, S. Vakalis, and J. A. Nanzer, “Multiplicative Frequency Diverse Image Formation in Active Incoherent Millimeter-Wave Imaging,” IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting, Denver CO, 2022.

26. Daniel Chen, S. Vakalis, and J. A. Nanzer, “Active Incoherent Millimeter-Wave Imaging Using a 75-GHz Dynamic Antenna Array,” IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting, Denver CO, 2022.

25. Ahona Bhattacharyya, Serge R. Mghabghab, S. Vakalis, and J. A. Nanzer, “Experimental Implementation of Microwave Multi-Objective Linear Constrained Minimum Power Beamforming in the Near Field,” IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting, Denver CO, 2022.

24. S. Vakalis, Jorge R Colon-Berrios, and J. A. Nanzer, “Three-Dimensional Active Incoherent Millimeter-Wave Imaging Using Noise Pulse Integration,” IEEE International Microwave Symposium, Denver, CO, 2022.

23. Daniel Chen, S. Vakalis, and J. A. Nanzer, “A 75-GHz Dynamic Antenna Array for Real-Time Imageless Object Detection via Fourier Domain Filtering,” IEEE International Microwave Symposium, Denver, CO, 2022.

22. S. Vakalis, Jorge Collon-Berrios, D. Chen, and J. Nanzer, “Video-rate active incoherent millimeter-wave imaging in outdoor environments”, Passive and Active Millimeter-Wave Imaging XXV, 2022. (1st place in Student Paper Competition)

21. S. Vakalis and J. A. Nanzer, “Impact of Time-Bandwidth Product on Active Incoherent MillimeterWave Imaging,” 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting, Marina Bay Sands, Singapore, 2021.

20. S. Vakalis and J. A. Nanzer, “The Near Field Effect in Transmitter Design for Incoherent MillimeterWave Imaging,” URSI GASS, Rome, Italy, 2021.

19 S. Vakalis and J. A. Nanzer, “Towards Three-Dimensional Active Incoherent Millimeter-Wave Imaging,” IEEE International Conference on Autonomous Systems (ICAS), Montreal, QC, Canada, 2021, Invited paper.

18. S. Vakalis, S. R. Mghabghab, and J. A. Nanzer, “Passive Non-Cooperative Millimeter-Wave Imaging Using 5G Signals of Opportunity,” IEEE International Microwave Symposium, Atlanta, GA, 2021.

17. D. Chen, S. S. Vakalis, and J. A. Nanzer, “A Millimeter-Wave Dynamic Antenna Array for Classifying Objects Via Sparse Fourier Domain Sampling,” IEEE International Microwave Symposium, Atlanta, GA, 2021.

16. N. Nourshamsi, S. Vakalis, M. I. Mohd Ghazali, S. Karuppuswami, P. Chahal and J. Nanzer, “Detection of Harmonic Micro-Doppler Signatures Using Passive RF Tags and Harmonic Radar”, 2021 IEEE 21st Annual Wireless and Microwave Technology Conference (WAMICON), 2021.

15. S. Vakalis, D. Chen, M. Yan, and J. Nanzer, “Image enhancement in active incoherent millimeterwave imaging”, Passive and Active Millimeter-Wave Imaging XXIV, 2021.

14. D. Chen, S. Vakalis, V. Holmes and J. A. Nanzer, “Spatial Frequency Filter Design for Interferometric Image Classification Without Image Reconstruction,” 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting, Montreal, QC, Canada, 2020.

13. S. Vakalis and J. A. Nanzer, “Distributed Array Transmitter Spatial Coherence in Active Incoherent Millimeter-Wave Imaging,” 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting, Montreal, QC, Canada, 2020.

12. S. Vakalis, Liang Gong, John Papapolymerou, and J. A. Nanzer, “Active Incoherent MillimeterWave Imaging of Dielectric Objects,” 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting, Montreal, QC, Canada, 2020.

11. S. Vakalis and J. A. Nanzer, “A Space-Time Modulated Distributed Antenna Array for Multiple Target Angle Estimation,” 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting, Montreal, QC, Canada, 2020. (2nd place in Student Paper Competition)

10. N. Nourshamsi, C. Hilton, S. Vakalis and J. A. Nanzer, “Harmonic Micro-Doppler Detection Using Passive RF Tags and Pulsed Microwave Harmonic Radar,” 2020 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium - IMS, Los Angeles, CA, 2020.

9. S. Vakalis and J. A. Nanzer, “A Digital Interferometric Array with Active Noise Illumination for Millimeter-Wave Imaging at 13.7fps,” 2020 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium - IMS, Los Angeles, CA, 2020.

8. S. Vakalis, L. Gong, J. Papapolymerou and J. A. Nanzer, “40-GHz Active Interferometric Imaging with Noise Transmitters,” 2019 16th European Radar Conference, PARIS, France, 2019, pp. 273-276.

7. S. Ellison, S. Vakalis and J. A. Nanzer, “Optimizing for Spatial Frequency Coverage vs. Point-Spread Function Sidelobe Level in Active Incoherent Microwave Imaging Arrays” 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting, Atlanta, GA, 2019.

6. S. Vakalis, L. Gong, E. Klinefelter and J. A. Nanzer, “Angle Estimation Using an Active 38 GHz Interferometric Radar” 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNCURSI Radio Science Meeting, Atlanta, GA, 2019.

5. L. Gong, S. Vakalis and J. A. Nanzer, “Millimeter-Wave Localization of Multiple Targets Using TDOA and Wideband Frequency Modulation” 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting, Atlanta, GA, 2019.

4. S. Vakalis and J. A. Nanzer, “Transmit Pattern Analysis for Active Incoherent Microwave Imaging,” 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting, Atlanta, GA, 2019.

3. S. Vakalis and J. A. Nanzer, “An Information-Theoretic Approach to Waveform Design for Active Incoherent Microwave Imaging,” Invited paper, IEEE Conference on Antenna Measurements and Applications, 2018.

2. S. Vakalis and J. A. Nanzer, “Effects of Antenna Pattern Asymmetry on Radar Angle Rate Estimation”, 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, Boston, MA, 2018.

1. S. Vakalis and J. A. Nanzer, “An Active Microwave Imaging Technique Using Spatial Frequency Sampling,” 2018 IEEE International Microwave Symposium - IMS, Philadelphia, PA, 2018, pp. 816-818.

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